Definition of Disperse Dye

Last updated on August 6th, 2023 at 11:03 pm

Table of Contents

The term ‘Disperse dye’ is an organic coloring substance which is free from ionizing group are of low water solubility and are suitable for dyeing hydrophobic textile materials from colloid dispersion. It has low molecular weight and derivatives of Azo, Anthra – quinine, Di phynile amine and other component.

Properties of Disperse Dye

They have low water solubility power.
These dyes are applied only for hydrophobic natural fiber such as Nylon, Polyester, Poly amide, Acetate, Tri –acetate, Poly-acrilonitrile, Acrylic etc. But sometimes it may be used as a blended fiber with natural fiber.
The melting temperature of disperse color is 122˚C – 150˚C and they are in crystalline, powder or paste form.
These insoluble colors are to be solubilized with the help of some dispersing agent.
The color fastness property of this color is very excellent.
Normally these dyes are used to dye up the textile material at high temperature and pressure. But the temperature and pressure can be lowered by using a chemical named as carrier.
It gives variety shade of color.
Color will be fade due to heat application on disperse dye.

Definition of Dispersing Agent

The dispersing agent is an organic compound which can perform many functions in dyeing. Dispersing agents are effective under the dyeing conditions and stable to hard water, high temperature and other dye assistance which help to maintain dispersion of dye molecule in the dye bath. It assists the process of dye particle size reduction and helpful to solubilize the dye particle. Dispersing agent increases the solubility of disperse dye in water. Example: Urea, Lyoprint G.

Function of Dispersing Agent used in Disperse Dyeing

It assists the reduction of dye particle size.
It enables the dye to be formed in the powder form. When the powder is added to dye bath, it facilitates the re-conversion of the powder into a dispersion that is required for carrying out the dyeing.
It maintains the dispersion in a fine form in the dye bath through the dyeing process.
It increases the solubility of the disperse dye in water.
It affects on the rate of dyeing.

Carrier With Example

Carrier is an organic compound which helps to dye take up at lower temperature and lower pressure over the textile material. It acts as a substantive swelling agent. Carriers are dyeing assistance which alter the dispersing properties of the dyes and physical characteristics of the fiber so that more of the dye can be transferred from the dye bath to the fiber. Normally disperse dyeing is done in 3 methods on hydrophobic or synthetic fiber. At the lowest temperature and pressure; dyeing method is done with carrier. These substances are to be divided into 4 chemical groups –